Discuss about SONET
Synchronous optical networking (SONET) is a
standardized digital communication protocol that is used to transmit a large
volume of data over relatively long distances using a fiber optic medium. With
SONET, multiple digital data streams are transferred at the same time over
optical fiber using LEDs and laser beams.
SONET is a product of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
SONET is not that different from other
technologies, but hardware was manufactured to provide better configuration and
reliable services to its users. SONET may use a re-generator for long haul distances.
This device boosts signals that have already traveled for a long distance.
Signals are transmitted into electrical signals and then re-generated into
high-power signals. Add drop multiplexers (ADMs) are also common parts of
SONET. ADMs are designed to fully support the network architecture of SONET.
SONET supports multiple data streams at the
same time. It was designed to provide efficient services in telecommunication
systems and therefore became widely adopted. SONET uses standardized rates so that
all kinds of organizations can be interconnected.
In packet-oriented networks, a single packet
normally consists of two parts: the data header and the payload. During
transmission, the data header is transferred first and then the payload is
transmitted. With SONET, however, a slight change is made. The header is termed
as overhead and is not transmitted before the payload. Instead, it is
interwoven with the payload during the process of transmission. The
transmission alternates between overhead and payload until the completion of
the transmission process.
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