MCA 203 – SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

📘 MCA 203 – SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

📝 PART – A (Short Answers)

1. Describe the generic view of process.

The generic process model in software engineering includes five major framework activities:

Communication – Gathering requirements from the customer
Planning – Estimating resources, time, and defining tasks
Modeling – Creating models using data and design representations
Construction – Code generation and testing
Deployment – Delivering the software to users and collecting feedback

Each of these activities can be adapted to different software process models.

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2. Describe the importance of customer communication.

Customer communication is vital to:

Understand the real needs and expectations of users
Avoid misinterpretations of requirements
Ensure that the final product aligns with customer goals
Enable feedback loops throughout development
Build trust and collaboration between developers and stakeholders

3. Explain the system engineering hierarchy.

System engineering defines a structured hierarchy to design and integrate complex systems. The hierarchy is:

System – A complete product made of subsystems
Subsystem – Parts of the system performing specific functions
Component – Building blocks of a subsystem
Modules – Smaller units of components, often program modules
Programs/Functions – Lowest level, containing code or functionality

4. Explain about product engineering.

Product engineering refers to:

The complete process of designing, developing, testing, and deploying a software product.
It includes requirement analysis, system design, coding, testing, and maintenance.
Focuses on delivering a high-quality, cost-effective, and user-centric product.

5. What is meant by data modeling?

Data modeling is the process of:

Representing data structures, relationships, and constraints
Using models like ER diagrams or UML class diagrams
It helps in understanding the flow of data, data types, and how different data elements are linked

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6. Describe the design hierarchy of software engineering.

The design hierarchy consists of:

Architectural Design – Overall system structure
Component-Level Design – Internal design of modules/components
Interface Design – Interaction between modules and users
Data Design – How data is structured and accessed

Each level refines the design further from abstract to detailed.

7. Describe the fundamentals of software engineering.

Key fundamentals include:

Requirements Engineering
Software Design Principles
Coding Standards and Guidelines
Testing Strategies
Project Management
Quality Assurance
Maintenance and Re-engineering

All these ensure that software is developed systematically, with high quality and maintainability.

8. Discuss about component level testing.

Component-level testing involves:

Testing individual software modules or components
Ensures functionality, performance, and reliability of a unit
Often done using unit tests, mock data, or stub functions
Usually automated using frameworks like JUnit, NUnit, etc.

9. Explain the concepts of quality management.

Software quality management involves:

Quality Assurance (QA) – Preventing defects by following processes
Quality Control (QC) – Detecting and fixing defects via testing
Standards Compliance – ISO 9001, CMMI levels
Metrics and Reviews – To track quality and improve continuously

10. List the advantages of re-engineering.

Enhances performance and maintainability
Reduces future development costs
Extends the life of legacy systems
Improves documentation and structure
Helps in modernizing old systems

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🧾 PART – B (Long Answers)

11. Describe the spinal model and list its merits and limitations.

✅ Spinal Model – Overview:

The Spinal model focuses on building a working core system (spine) first, then incrementally adding features.
Suitable for object-oriented development
Resembles an incremental approach, where the base is extended through reusable modules

✅ Merits:

Supports reusability
Encourages modular development
Easier testing and integration
Useful in object-oriented environments

❌ Limitations:

Requires a well-defined spine (core system) upfront
May not be suitable for non-modular or procedural designs
Needs careful planning to avoid broken dependencies

12. Discuss about agile process model. Also list its merits over other process models.

✅ Agile Process Model – Overview:

Agile is an iterative and incremental software development model
Focuses on collaboration, customer feedback, and small rapid releases
Based on Agile Manifesto principles (e.g., individuals over processes, working software over documentation)

✅ Common Agile Frameworks:

Scrum
Kanban
Extreme Programming (XP)

What is SAP Landscape?

✅ Merits over Traditional Models:

Agile	Traditional Models (e.g., Waterfall)
Rapid delivery of working software	Late delivery
Flexible to changing requirements	Difficult to manage change
Frequent customer involvement	Customer seen mostly at beginning & end
Encourages team collaboration	Linear, top-down communication
Early detection of issues via iterations	Testing often delayed until after development

Agile is especially effective in dynamic environments where requirements evolve frequently.

PART – A

1. Describe the generic view of process.

The physical layer, the lowest layer of the OSI model, is concerned with the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium. It describes the electrical /